“Tort” is a Latin word and means a violation of law. In the field of civil law, a violation of law gives rise to civil liability, which is reflected in compensation for the damage caused and is known in civil law as a tortious obligation.
Damage may arise from both contractual and non-contractual relationships.
In general, according to the Civil Code, liability (compensation for damage) may be imposed on the debtor if the following circumstances exist:
1) Unlawful act of the debtor;
2) Damage;
3) Causal link between the debtor’s unlawful act and the damage;
4) Fault of the debtor; The existence of damage is one of the essential elements of pecuniary liability. If there is no damage, pecuniary liability cannot exist, since damage is the starting point for imposing pecuniary liability.
The most common types of tortious obligations are:
Damage caused by road traffic accidents;
Damage caused by injury to health;
Damage caused to a neighbor’s house during construction;
Damage caused by a domestic animal if the owner could have observed safety standards, and others.
In cases precisely defined by law, damage may also be understood as non-pecuniary moral damage, e.g., physical injury, which may also be subject to compensation. As a rule, in disputes over compensation for damage, decisive importance is attached to the expert opinion, which determines the amount of damage.
